Social, Societal, Social Work and Psychological as Understood by Academic Social Workers – Towards the Phenomena-Based Disciplinary Identities
Social, Societal, Social Work and Psychological as Understood by Academic Social Workers – Towards the Phenomena-Based Disciplinary Identities

Summary/Abstract: The article presents research that studies social, societal, social work and psychological as phenomena. It focuses on them not as definitions or conceptualizations but as on the experienced and understood. The theoretical approach is phenomenology. The study has three research questions. First question is the following: What are general structures of social, societal, social work and psychological as phenomena? Secondly, what is the common structure of all four subjects as phenomenon? And, thirdly, what is their unique structure? The research material consists of the results provided by two earlier studies that focused on the understanding of social, societal, social work and psychological in Lithuania and Finland. The research material was analyzed by eight methodical steps that combined traditional content analysis and phenomenological analysis. The article describes the process of analysis in detail. The analysis reveals that all four subjects are the same phenomenon because of their contextual and interactional structure. Besides their common structure, social work and societal have most common features. Social work illustrates itself fundamentally more as work than as social. Concerning the unique structures, psychological appears as the most distinct phenomenon. Social work manifests itself particularly as a work with goals. Societal does not have anything unique. The results are discussed in the frame of disciplinary identities and possibilities for true multi-professionalism and interdisciplinary research. The phenomena-based results show that there is less co-operation between the subjects and disciplines than could and should be. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiamas tyrimas, analizuojantis, kaip per patyrimą atsiskleidžia socialiniai, visuomeniniai, socialinio darbo ir psichologiniai reiškiniai. Jie buvo tiriami ne kaip apibrėžiamos sąvokos, bet kaip realiai patiriami ir suprantami reiškiniai. Tyrimas remiasi fenomenologiniu požiūriu. Tyrime suformuluoti trys klausimai: pirma, kokia yra bendriausia patirtinė socialinių, visuomeninių, socialinio darbo ir psichologinių reiškinių struktūra? Antra, kokie bendriausios patirtinės struktūros elementai pasikartoja kiekviename tiriamame objekte (yra bendri visiems tiriamiems objektams)? Ir trečia, kokie bendriausios patirtinės struktūros elementai unikalūs kiekvienam tiriamam objektui (kuo tiriamų objektų patyrimas skiriasi)? Tyrimo medžiagą sudaro rezultatai, gauti dviejuose ankstesniuose straipsnio autorių tyrimuose, kuriuose buvo aiškinamasi, kaip suprantami socialiniai, visuomeniniai, socialinio darbo ir psichologiniai reiškiniai Lietuvos ir Suomijos akademiniame kontekste. Tyrimo medžiagos metaanalizės procesą sudaro aštuoni metodiniai žingsniai, jungiantys tradicinę kokybinę turinio ir fenomenologinę analizę, kurie straipsnyje detaliai aprašomi.

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