History and Forms of Terrorism and Counterterrorism Measures
History and Forms of Terrorism and Counterterrorism Measures

Summary/Abstract: In this article, I review the history of terrorism from antiquity to the 21st century, distinguish the major forms of terrorism, including ethnic, ideological, and state-sponsored variant and delineate the measures currently used to counter terrorism, such as intelligence, target hardening, deterrence, and diplomacy and foreign policy. Because psychology is integral to terrorism, I call for a postmodern paradigm that offers a multidisciplinary, constitutive view of terrorism, and promises to yield more compelling research and effective responses to terrorism.

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