Unity and diversity: Culture as a source of identity and otherness Cover Image

Unity and diversity: Culture as a source of identity and otherness
Unity and diversity: Culture as a source of identity and otherness

Author(s): Joanna Hańderek
Subject(s): Cultural Essay, Political Essay, Societal Essay
Published by: Vilniaus Universiteto Leidykla
Keywords: communication; diversity; philosophy; unity; otherness;

Summary/Abstract: Clifford Geertz has emphatically written that alienation begins not at the shore of the ocean, but at the border of skin. Describing the subject of ethnocentrism, he shows the problem of identity and otherness. The old argumentation of two feud philosophical orientations, systematized by Dilthey, can be actually brought to the issue of understanding historicity and the internal structure of culture. One group desires to see in culture a unique and immanently closed structure, others, on the contrary, would like to see a universal scheme for all cultures. Geertz’s remark shows us that we have difficulties with our own culture (its identity) and our unders¬tanding of reality. Beata Szymańska in her book “Cultures and Interpretations” states that the level of understanding of one’s own culture translates to one’s understanding of different cultures. The problem is not in diversity then (or its lack), but in our understanding of diversity. It can be said that, on the one hand, man needs identification (the need of identification Linton wrote about). Then, the sense of uniqueness of one’s own culture turns out to be very helpful. On the other hand, the need of cognition forces other thinkers to search for something that is disturbingly different. The question, which is still unsolved and will be analysed in this article, is whether this diversity is always standing for otherness, or maybe this diversity, especially in the area of one culture, is related to a specific unity. Clifford Geertz empiriškai nustatė, kad atskirtis prasideda ne okeano pakrantėje, o ties oda. Aprašydamas etnocentrizmo subjektą jis atkleidė tapatybės ir kitybės problemą. Senoji argumentacija, pateikta Dilthey, gali būti vartojama pristatant kultūros istorinę perspektyvą ir vidinę struktūrą. Vienos grupės siekia matyti kultūrą kaip išskirtiną ir gana uždarą sistemą, čia pat kitos mato ją kaip universalią schemą, tinkančią visoms kultūroms.C. Gertz pastaba nurodo, kad kiekvienos kultūros viduje egzistuoja tapatybės ir realybės uvokimo problemų. Beata Szymańska knygoje Cultures and interpretations teigia, kad savos kultūros suvokimas įgalina suvokti ir kitas kultūras. Problemos egzistuoja ne dėl skirtumų, o dėl to, kaip jos suvokiamos. Gali būti teigiama, kad, viena vertus, žmonėms reikalinga identifikacija, mat nurodo kiekvienos kultūros unikalumą. Kita verus, pažinimas verčia mus ieškoti skirtumų.Klausimas neišspręstas ir nalizuojamas šiame pranešime stengiantis nusakyti, ar skirtumai visuomet nurodo kitybę. Galbūt skirtumai yra kiekvienos kultūros ypatybės, kurios susijusios su kultūros išskirtinumu, unikalumu.

  • Issue Year: 2008
  • Issue No: 45
  • Page Range: 97-107
  • Page Count: 10
  • Language: English