Státoprávní koncepce v programech islamistických hnutí na Blízkém východe
Conceptions of Constitutional Law in the Programmes of Islamist Movements

Summary/Abstract: The author analyses in his contribution the attitudes of the scholars and ideologues of different Islamist movements in the Middle East towards the institution of the nation-state. He explains the Islamist conception of the Islamic Order, the Islamist model of the state. The model is based on the practical achievements of the Prophet Mohammad during the nascent years of the Islamic community (umma) in Medina and on the teachings of the government of the first four Arabic khalifas. This period is generally referred to as a ‘Golden Age’. The article describes in detail the different approaches of the Shi’ites and Sunnis to the state and to their ability to change or reform a political system. The author analyses the differences between the model of the Western secular democratic state and the contemporary ideas of Islamists about state functions. In this context the following are examined: the Islamist views on political pluralism, referendum, parliament democracy, the multi-party system, civil society, modernization, the separation of state from religion and the exercise of popular sovereignty generally.

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