Česká republika mezi poloprezidentským a parlamentním režimem?
The Czech Republic between Semipresidential and Parliamentary System of Government?

Summary/Abstract: The Czech constitutional law science and national political science emphasise different aspects of the constitutional system of the Czech Republic, however, they are always in unity when it comes to defining it as a parliamentary system. But is it true, when we analyse also the role of the president of the republic? What is the relation of the Czech Republic to semipresidentialism? Each political system reflects the ideas on the roles and purposes of power, but very important role have also other factors of rather empiric character (current constellation of power in the given country, influence of traditions, structure of society). One of the indicators of ideas on the purposes of power is a position and composition of executive. The short analysis of countries with semipresidential system of government demonstrates the significance of changing historical and political conditions (primarily the level of party system fragmentation) in combination with at least potentially important powers of the head of state. According to the Czechoslovak and Czech tradition is the president or the republic not only a ceremonial head of state. lt is a consequence of his competencies and also personalities of individual presidents. A brief overview of some examples of president Klaus's decisions shows that the present role of the Czech president is distinguished from the typical president in the parliamentary system (representing and uniting the nation as a whole, moderating conflicts and devoting himself to timeless topics). We can say, that the Czech Republic is still a parliamentary system sui generis, but there is a possibility of next development toward a semipresidentialism sui generis.

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