Rossica dwóch polskich badaczy paleolitu: Stefana Krukowskiego i Ludwika Sawickiego
Rossica of Two Polish Researchers of Paleolithic: Stefan Krukowski and Ludwik Sawicki

Summary/Abstract: S. Krukowski (1890 – 1982) and L. Sawicki (1893 – 1971) descended from the Warsaw school of Erazm Majewski that started its activity in the beginning of the 20th century. They went through a course of ground scientifi c reconnaissance in central part of the Kingdom of Poland (then the area belonged to Russian Empire). During World War I they they stayed in European part of Russia. Krukowski made researches of Kostenko`s stands at Don, and later the caves in the neighbourhood of Tbilisi on Caucasian territories. Results of the scientific research in Georgia he published in the article entitled La grotte Gvardijalas – klade a Ragani (1916). On account of civil war in Russia, he could not go on with his works at Don and on Caucasian territories. He stayed in Woronez and later left for Moscow, taking an interest mainly in the collections of Paleolithical stands. Excavations collections remained in Museum in Woronez. In 1918 Krukowski brought to the country just some notes concerning reconnaissance that deserved to be published. At first Sawicki together with his wife Irena lived in Minsk (Byelorussia), later in Moscow, and finally in Harbinia (Manchuria). In the main they were engaged in cataloguing historical monuments of Polish origin. Having returned to the country, Sawicki took a keen interest, among others, in research works over the Paleolithic of Russia. Thus in 1924 he left for Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in order to take up scientific research. All that resulted in work entitled Materiały do znajomości prehistorii Rosji of 1928 (Materials for the Knowledge of Prehistory of Russia), in which Sawicki also presented the analysis of achievements of Krukowski at Don and on Caucasian territories. Also in 1945 he was in Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , taking an interest in archaeological museums and organization of science. He visited this country in 1958 for the last time – this time as a ground researcher of Paleolithical stands at Don (among others, Kostenko`s stand). The results of his searches he published in work entitled Problemes stratygraphiques et chronologiques des stations paleolithiques de Kostenki et Borsovo (1964). In the work, he paid attention mainly to the conditions of sedimentation of loess – drift in the Pleistocene period. Krukowski and Sawicki were interested in living conditions of Paleolithical communities of Central Europe. Unlike their continuators, they also used to take into account living conditions of geological habitat of these communities.

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