DESCOPERIRI HALLSTATIENE TÂRZII LA SUD DE CARPAŢI 1
LATE HALLSTATT DISCOVERIES SOUTH OF THE CARPATHIANS

Summary/Abstract: Some problems of the Late Hallstatt period south of the Carpathians are discussed on the basis of three discoveries. One is an isolated complex distcovered in the 1993 excavation campaign at Dunăreni (Cârna) near the Danube. The vessel discovered here, with two parts of a vertebra inside forms a closed complex. A grinding stone found nearby may be part of this. The second discovery is an incineration grave, recuperated nonprofessionally, from Valea Stânii. A third vessel is of unknown provenience, kept in the History Museum from Giurgiu and very probably from that area. First the cronological situation of the finds is discussed. The vessel from Dunăreni (Cârna) has no exact analogies. Similar examples, concerning the form and the decoration, may be found in the late Basarabi culture and in the early Ferigile group. Therefore the piece may be put at the transition from the Basarabi culture to the Ferigile group. The bowl from the grave of Valea Ştânii has parallels from the Early Hallstatt Age (Susani, Berzasca, Vărădia, Szalja, Kărăm, Taktabaj, Cicău, Mediaş and Dridu to mention only some examples), the Middle Hallstatt Period (Satchinez, Silagiu, Gornea) with typical Basarabi decoration, the Late Hallstatt finds in Alexandria-"Vii", Cepari, Ferigile, Rudeni, Tigveni, Ţiţeşti and in the graves ascribed to the Scythians from Transilvania. During the Early LaTene Age we find similar bowls in Slobozia-"Oneşti" and Strahotin-"Dîngeşti". The type is used for a long time in a large area and may be dated precisely. The um from Valea Stânii has few analogies in the Basarabi culture and is frequent in the Late Hallsatt Ferigile group and in the grave inventories from Transilvania ascribed to the Scythians. Therefore the urn dates the grave from Valea Stânii to the Late Hallstatt Period. For the vessel from the Giurgiu Muse~um we know a single Romanian analogie from the "scythian" grave at Simeria, that may be dated to the 6.-5. century B.C. Other parallels, concerning the form, decoration and piercing of the walls, are known or among the cuIt-vessels of the late Scythians of the Crimea and lower Dnepr region, where they are dated to the 3. century B.C. or later. These analogies are clearly later than the material treated here. The vessel from Giurgiu, however, also reminds us of the so called "HohlfuBgefăBe" of the east-alpine Hallstatt groups. They do not have handles or pierced walls. The majotity comes from graves (like the example from Simeria) and should have had a Hd, a circumstance suggested by the rim-form of the vessel from Giurgiu. The east-alpine vases may be dated to the horizons 3-7 according to H. Parzinger, which corresponds to the 7.-6. century 8.C., thus corresponding better to the chronological position of the material presented here, than the eastern parallels.

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