Analiza przyczynowa poza metodą eksperymentalną. Dwa przykłady modeli przyczynowych wykraczających poza schemat eksperymentalny
Causal Analysis beyond the experimental method. Two examples of the nonexperimental causal models (with statistical solutions)

Summary/Abstract: The article presents two examples of causal inferences in which theoretical problems exclude a possibility to infer causal relations from effects of experimental manipulation. The first example is a causal inference through mediation analysis. Particular emphasis has been placed on interpretation of direct, total and indirect effects in Structural Equation Modelling. The second example concerns the causal impact of a dependent variable on its own explanatory model. In this example estimation of the causal model parameters can be done through the Linear Mixed Model.

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