Bulgarien im Fokus. Migration und ihre Auswirkungen zwanzig Jahre nach der Wende
Bulgaria in Focus: Migration and its Impacts Twenty Years after the Fall of Communism

Summary/Abstract: Abstract. This paper studies the migration movements from and to Bulgaria since 1989 and examines their most important impacts. The first section assembles the available statistics concerning in- and out-migration flows in Bulgaria during the last two decades. Furthermore, the main reasons for emigration, the types of outgoing migration, and the target countries are also provided. Similar classification of immigration into the country is also presented. In the second section, the study draws attention to a number of direct and indirect impacts caused by the massive emigration flows. In this regard, emphasis is placed on the demographic effects, the consequences for the country’s economy as a whole, and the labor market in particular. Moreover, it examines the implications of migration on labor market shortages, labor productivity, wage levels and inflation rates, as well as the effects of remittances and the brain drain phenomenon. Finally, the paper investigates the potential of the Bulgarian diaspora and governmental measures designed to attract Bulgarian emigrants and nationals living abroad.

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