Kognityviniai gebėjimai ir jiems įtakos turintys edukaciniai bei sociodemografiniai veiksniai
Cognitive skills and educational and sociodemographical factors influencing them

Summary/Abstract: This article presents the research about cognitive skills of schoolchildren and students – retaining attention, arithmetic calculation, logical, digital, two-dimensional and three-dimensional thinking and the factors influencing them. The aim of this research is to test whether cognitive skills of students and schoolchildren are related to the factors such as education level, learning achievements, gender, location, socioeconomic status of a family and the like. The cognitive skills of research participants were tested using an original research methodology created by R. Lekavičienė, D. Antinienė and G. Merkys. The research instrument is comprised of six structural parts to examine every kind of skills noticed above. The time to fulfill the tasks is regulated. The sufficient validity and reliability of the methodology were established. After questioning 226 schoolchildren and students from educational institutions of a different level it was found that this research instrument differentiates the research participants of different levels well. The research indentified significant differences of cognitive skills in the groups of participants with low and high education level. Superior results are in the group of participants with high education level according to all the scales of cognitive skills. Subjective school knowledge evaluation of research participants indicated a link between all scales of cognitive skills (retaining attention, logical, digital, dimensional thinking and arithmetic calculation) and subjective evaluation of knowledge of exact sciences. Objective knowledge of research participants, i.e. the result averages of the semesters, exam sessions of a school / university are related statistically significant just to the scale of arithmetic calculation. The results of the test of cognitive skills are influenced not only by educational but also by some sociodemographical variables: gender, age, location, education of parents, family‘s socioeconomic status, etc. It is necessary to say that this research gave lots of meaningful, theoretically interpreting information about cognitive skills of schoolchildren and students and the factors influencing these skills.

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