Nauja kolektyvinės tapatybės dimensija: sionistinis sąjūdis Lietuvoje XIX a. pab.–XX a. pr.
The New Dimension of Collective Identity: Zionist Movement in Lithuania at the Turn of the 19th–20th Centurie

Summary/Abstract: The article analyses the ways of search for the Jewish collective identity after false expectations of emancipation processes, the spread of new ideas and the development of the modern Jewish national movement in Lithuania at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. Some of Zionist newspapers, such as HaOlam and Dos Judishe Folk were published in Vilnius. In general, the major Zionist activities in Vilnius of that period were mainly concentrated in a narrow circle of pro-Zionist activists. Trying to avoid the repressions of the Tsar regime, Zionist activists from Vilnius and Kaunas circles had to leave the country. They were replaced by professional politicians and instructors from Warsaw or Ryga. Zionist movement met strong opposition and criticism both from the Jewish communities and from Russia. The major opponent was Bund. In pursuing their aims, Zionists challenged, first of all, the traditional Jewish lifestyle, i.e. assimilation and continuity of their traditions. The positive element in the Zionist movement was the ability to combine the future vision with concrete actions in representing Jewish national interests and defending their political and social equality in Diaspora.

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