Metafora i metonimia w angielskich i niemieckich zapożyczeniach w polskim slangu młodzieżowym
On metaphor-based and metonymy-based borrowings from English and German into Polish youth slang

Summary/Abstract: The paper discusses selected examples of borrowings from English and German into Polish youth slang. The expressions, all highly original, are related to various aspects of life, such as one’s outward appearance, relations between people, walks of life, one’s social position, addictions, participation in social life, or being a member of an ethnic group. The analysis is conducted within the framework of the second generation cognitive linguistics. It assumes that metaphor and metonymy are common strategies in human conceptual system. Having presented various ways of assimilation of borrowings from foreign languages into Polish, the paper briefly outlines basic assumptions of contemporary theory of metaphor and metonymy. It focuses on conceptual and image/“one-shot” metaphors, as well as conceptual metonymies of individual cases and those related to category structure. 24 slang expressions are analysed, 18 of which come from English and 6 from German. The conceptual metaphors underlying them are conventional in that they are also used in everyday expressions in English, German, and Polish. Their originality of the slang uses rests on the selection of elements of source domains which would not be used in conventional speech. Expressions based on image/“one-shot” metaphors are original by virtue of the very associations that they create between their two concrete elements. Metonymy-based expressions are innovative in that they select metonymic vehicles not used in conventional speech. Types of metonymies that they represent are, however, common also in colloquial language.

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