Naczelne formy państwowości
The Principal Forms of a State

Summary/Abstract: The paper shows main conceptions of state. The special point of view allow us to reduce many different ideas concerned to this institution, its eastern and western form. It is not only civilization but also philosophical aspect. In some western methods of public life (civilization) people are reduced to the parts of a state. This kind of concepts are based on a false anthropological presupposition which is conducting to collective theory of state – where law is based on will of the most important individual or will of small group acting with maximal power in order to transform a state in something private. In that case a state is alienated from society and interested only in self preservation. Entirely different understanding of a state exists in western theory which is based on adequate conception of man who is not only unit but also person – who generates small, bigger and the biggest forms of social and political life. In this natural and partly artificial process we create a state which can not exist without units, especially without human relations. So essential sense of such understanding of a state depend on realization the common good and respect of natural and positive law. The public institution ought to serve and help people in their personal development.

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