Bytie a Boh v úlohe vymedzovania predmetu filozofie a teológie
Being and God: The Delineation of the Object of the Study of Philosophy and Theology

Summary/Abstract: This article deals with a question of “what is the relationship and the difference between the philosophy and the theology”. Answering this question is important in order to delineate the object of disciplines’ enquiry as defined by concepts of being and God. At first, certain aspects of the formation of science are presented as constituted by the concept of theoria. The concept signifies the highest type of life and human knowledge characterized by philosophy of which the ultimate aim is wisdom. Within the philosophy two conceptions of being have been characterizing different approaches to an issue of a more realistic knowledge of reality, whereby by analyzing character of being and its last causes it is possible to arrive at the Absolute being. In Aristotle’s view a form of being defines what is to be being, while in Thomas’ view to be being means being something existing. This change towards a more realistic view of being went hand in hand with a change in a comprehension of the Absolute. However, according to Thomas this form of ‘natural philosophy’ is not a theology in the sense of Sacra doctrina, of which the content is God’s revelation and knowledge through faith. However, the philosophy of being is the very proper basis for the relationship between reason and faith. For Thomas there are two separate orders for theology and philosophy. Methodological basis for construction of the philosophy and the theology implies that there are two possible routes – a route of reason and a route of Revelation. Both of these routes would bring us to the truth. Theology requires philosophy for a deeper knowledge of the content of faith. Since the supernatural truths are expressed only in metaphorical sentences, it is possible to comprehend and verify the content of faith only by use of rules of expression that are themselves rational and verifiable. Thomas’ philosophical conceptions of realistic being and the Absolute allowed him to definitely separate the philosophy from the theology (the holy teachings). At the same time, philosophical expressions combined with realism of enquiry inserted into theology via interpretation have not reduced theology’s divine origins and order. On the contrary, they have allowed for deeper understanding of supernatural faith.

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