Le rôle de la focalisation pour l’interprétation du discours rapporté par la presse
Focalization and the interpretation of reported speech in newspapers

Summary/Abstract: The paper analyzes the role of focalization, of emphasizing elements of theme-rheme structure, applied to reported speech in newspapers, in order to suggest the position of the journalist about what is said, a position which influences the interpretation. The newspaper has its specific means to highlight parts of speech: typography which is able to put accents by the bold, by the size of the type either on the quoted words or on the quoting ones, or both; presence or absence of quotation marks signaling exactness or modification of repeated words in newspapers, which can also mark distance or agreement with what is said, when reported words are preceding the reporting ones (non quoted direct speech is frequent in Bulgarian newspapers); the peritext in the sense of Genette : all the other texts which go with or refer to the text, including also photographs, caricatures as visual messages, which are also able to comment, to discuss, to reject or to agree with reported words, etc. Joined to the classical focalization marks, they extend the possibility for the journalist to imply his opinion about reported words.

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