Ромб в древней восточноевропейской культуре: связующая нить тысячелетий или независимое мультиплицирование?
Rhombus in the ancient Eastern European culture: the thread of millennia or independent multiplication?

Summary/Abstract: The rhombus is one of the simplest and most ancient of graphic symbols and elements of ornament. Currently, rhombus is one of the basic elements in the Slavic, Finno-Ugric, Baltic ornaments. Given type of ornamentation known since the Paleolithic period. It is shown that in Eastern Europe for the first time rhombic pattern appears in the cultures of the so-called "Mammoth Hunters" at sites the eastern Gravettian (Khotylevo 2, Krakow, Avdeevo, etc.). This net from rhombus is formed intersecting at an acute angle of the parallel lines. The reappearance of rhombus is associated with the sites of east Madeleine (Yudinovo, Timonovka and others). In this pattern, rhombs in which the cutter worked out separately each side. Natural pattern from which the ancient masters in both cases copied rhombic grid pattern could be dentin mammoth tusks. In this opinion the author is solidarity with V.Bibikova. Rhombic foveae decoration on the pottery of forest Neolithic of Desna and Upper Oka basins author connects with the imitation of basketry, or fishing net. Given the evidence about the change of archaeological cultures and ancient migrations of populations show that Paleolithic rhombus, rhombus of the forest Neolithic and rhombus early agriculturalists have a different backgrounds and have pots different groups of the population in Eastern Europe. Also we pointed to highly questionable genetic relationship of early agricultural rhombus with rhombus in the ornaments of the East Slavic. Latest more may be associated with more archaic Finno-Ugric ornaments. Palaeolithic rhombus and rhombic-meander ornaments, rhombus on pots of Forest Neolithic, rhombus of early agriculturalists and ethnographic Eastern Slavic embroidery, contrary to the opinion B.A. Rybakov's not related to single cultural and chronological sequence.

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