CERCEI DECORATI CU PANDANTIV SFERIC AJURAT ÎN SUD-ESTUL EUROPEI (SECOLELE XIII-XIV)
EARRINGS DECORATED WITH SPHERICAL PERFORATED PENDANT IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE (13TH – 14TH CENTURIES)

Summary/Abstract: Starting with the 19th century, a number of earrings of various types, decorated with spherical perforated pendants or settings, on a ring, were discovered in South-Eastern Europe. According to the type of earring, the pendants were either the main ornament, or the minor one. The number of such items is, for the moment, relatively small - nine known sites, plus the items from the collection of the Hungarian National Museum, and the earrings from the so-called „treasure” of Tokaj. The total number is 19, but an item is lost. The present paper gives a catalogue of discoveries, but its main purpose is focused on the previously mentioned ornament, more precisely its chronology, the spreading area and the types of earrings on which was used. The paper analyze the context of discoveries, the types of earrings on which this ornament was used, the materials and the way it was worked, the spreading area and the chronology of the items. Based on the technical features and on the ornaments, three groups of earrings decorated with spherical perforated pendants were observed: I. The item in Vojlovica, without analogies, at least in the present stage of research, was dated, based on the general chronology of the cemetery, in the 11th-12th centuries. II. Tokaj-Type earrings. According to their characteristics, three types were defined: II.1. The first type is represented by the items with simple ring and biconical central pendant, found in Tokaj (?), Kladovo, Prahovo and the earrings from the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest. The earrings can be dated in the 13th century. II.2. Items with simple ring and the central pendant made of two semispheres with a metallic strap between them. Two variants can be distinguished: II.2.1. The items from Voinesti, treasure dated in the 13th century, based on the relative chronology of the items found. II.2.2. The earring in Resita-Ogasele can be dated at the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, taking into account the technical features and the context of the discovery. II.3. Earrings with twisted ring and biconical central pendant (Macoviste). The treasure can be dated, based on the relative chronology of the items, in the 14th century. III. Couman-type earrings. In the present stage of research, the lateral perforated pendants were used on three variants, all of them dated at the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, taking into consideration both the relative and the absolute chronology, for the items in Dragijevo. III.1. Pair of earrings from Cuptoare-Sfogea. III.2. Earring found in Prilep. III.3. Earrings from Dragijevo.

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