Wpływ warunków pogodowych na przebieg temperatury gleby w Ogrodzie Botanicznym Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie
Influence of weather conditions on the variation of soil temperature in the Botanical Garden of Jagiellonian University in Kraków

Summary/Abstract: The aim of the study was to define relations between meteorological elements such as: sunshine duration, air temperature, precipitation as well as snow cover and thermal regime in soil. All of the data were obtained from the Field Research Station of the Department of Climatology in the Botanical Garden of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków in the period 2007–2009. Dispersing of temperature in soil was researched on 7 depth levels: 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 50 cm. In the first part of the paper annual variation of soil was presented. Differentiation of temperature variations was the most significant on the ground surface. The annual average temperature of the soil in the period (2007–2009) ranged from 12.6 °C at the soil surface (0 cm) to 11.1 °C at a depth of 20 cm. The highest average annual temperature on the surface of the soil was measured in 2008 (12.7 °C), and the lowest – 2009 (11.1 °C at a depth of 20 cm). The average annual temperature variations in the soil profile 5–50 cm was 0.6 °C. Taking into account the relationship between sunshine duration and the daily average temperature of each level, the largest connection on the soil surface was noted on 0 cm (correlation coefficient 0.69) and gradually decreased with depth. It was also found that there was a very strong correlation between the temperature of the soil at all the depths and the air temperature measured in the cage at the height of 2 m above the ground. These values range from 0.88 at a depth of 50 cm with air temperature at noon (12 UTC) to 0.98 between the temperature on the ground (0 cm) at 6 UTC. Systematic temperature increase of successive depths in days with snow cover and reduction of the daily temperatures amplitude with increasing depth (in accordance with Fourier's law) is also a characteristic regularity. On the termoizoplet graph it can be seen that at low temperatures in the soil profile these days with snow greater than 20 cm maintained only to a depth of 2 cm, while in the 5–50 cm layer was almost isotherm (gradients up to 0.07 °C · cm–1). In the case of soil temperature, many meteorological factors directly affect its course. For this reason, most of them were taken into account in this publication.

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