Geneza i uwarunkowania procesu przekształcania na przełomie lat 60. i 70. XX wieku wspólnoty muzułmanów z Bośni w Muzułmanów - „konstytucyjny naród”
Genesis and conditions of the transformation process of Muslim community in Bosnia into Muslims - "constitutive nation" of Yugoslavia

Summary/Abstract: The focus of the article is to describe the processes and causes that led to the emergence among the Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina of an awareness of their distinction from Serbs and Croats, and of the reasons for the creation in mid-20th century a separate “constitutive nation” out of them in Tito’s Yugoslavia, officially called Muslims (Muslimani). At the beginning of the 19th century, during Turkish domination and later after Bosnia and Herzegovina passed under Austro-Hungarian occupation, a part of the native adherents of Islam cherished a sense of cultural and religious individuality. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries certian Croat and Serbian national activists treated Muslim Bosniaks as “Croats” or “Serbs” who only differed in terms of religious faith, and so tried to win them for their national-political projects, whereas the previously “Turkish” and then “Austrian” area of Bosnia was to be politically and administratively divided. In the interwar period and the time of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (the SHS Kingdom), later Yugoslavia, the Bosnian adherents of Islam (especially those of the upper classes) saw themselves either as “Islamized Croats” or “Islamized Serbs”, or “Serbs and Croats of Muslim religion”. During the Second World War a substantial part of Bosniaks and their elites for various reasons declared to be “Muslim Croats” and supported political collaboration with the Ustaše regime and the totalitarian government of Ante Pavelić in the Independent State of Croatia. After 1945 when the communists and Josip Broz Tito seized power, the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina was recreated in the borders of 1878 as part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Official recognition of a new “constitutive nation” of Muslims took place in the years 1968-1974.

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