Protesty kibiców piłkarskich w Polsce w XXI wieku. Analiza ruchu społecznego.
The Polish Football Supporters’ Protests in the 21st Century. A Social Movement Analysis

Summary/Abstract: This article focuses on the question whether the football supporters’ protests in Poland in the 21st century can be consider a social movement. Those protests were turned against football clubs owners, against New Football Economy, and later—against the state policy regarding stadium security. The organization of the protests at hand reached high and complicated level. Its base was the network structure. Formal and informal organizations were mixed in practice of the movement. The moral panic in mass-media about the hooligans and stadium violence determinated the identity of football supporters’ movement. This identity was composed of inner-movement solidarity, the rhetoric of stigma and discrimination, and later—the rhetoric of self-glorification. All protests were submitted to the processes of politization. The activity in questionin can be described as non-powerful, non-wealthy, and non-famous. During the protests, the football supporters must oppose the counter-movements, created by the football clubs owners.

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