Przeobrażenia w funkcjonowaniu żeglugi kontenerowej w obliczu spowolnienia gospodarczego
Transformations in functioning of container shipping in the face of economic slowdown

Summary/Abstract: Intercontinental container transport chains are based on hub-and-spoke system. The most common of this type of supply chain includes ocean shipping and feeder shipping. The economic crisis of 2008-2010 caused a strong pressure to reduce freight rates in maritime transport. This resulted in the reorganization of transport chains. In order to reduce costs, shipping companies began to introduce larger ships, apply slow steaming and modify loops. Strong competition between operators has contributed to reduce the number of operators acting on the shipping container market and integration in shipping. The purpose of this article is to show how the action of shipping operators influenced the shape, time and cost of supply chains.

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