Az ingázás területi jellemzőinek változása Magyarországon a rendszerváltozás után
Changes of Territorial Features of Commuting in Hungary After the Change of the Regime

Summary/Abstract: This paper aims to analyse the spatial characteristics of commuting in Hungary and its rearrangement after the change of regime with special emphasis on the settlement network. Commuting is a sensitive indicator of the spatial processes of urbanization reflecting well the shifts that are taking place in the configuration of residences and workplaces, and the internal rearrangement of the settlement network. The analysis is based on data of three consecutive censuses (i.e. 1990, 2001, 2011). As data clearly indicate the role of commuting has increased since the change of regime in Hungary, the workforce has become more mobile than earlier and commuting flows have become also more complex. Due to the increasing spatial concentration of jobs generated by the post-Fordist transition of the country the role of larger cities and their agglomerations has gradually increased in commuting. At the same time the relative spatial deconcentration of jobs within larger metropolitan areas has been also taking place most typically around Budapest. Several service activities settled to suburban locations instead of city centres, mobilising a growing share of the labour force to commute. Besides the former rural-urban commuting new, more complex forms of commuting like city→city and city→agglomeration migration appeared within the settlement network. The weight of transverse (reciprocal) commuting has also strengthened that predicts a slow polycentric rearrangement of the urban structure in Hungary. Shrinking commuting in some part of the countryside (especially in peripheral small and micro villages), however, generated an irreversible marginalisation of the rural population on the labour market.

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