POZITYVIZMAS IR MARKSIZMAS
POSITIVISM AND MARXISM

Summary/Abstract: The author analyses the relation between positivism and Marxism. He seeks to expose their common sources and interaction, similarities and differences and to demonstrate that, contrary to the common opinion, classical Marxism and classical positivism are not so much disparate. In the 19th century both philosophies shared scientistic and progressivist views, and this accounts for their many other resemblances. Yet in the 20th century, when classical positivism was replaced by logical positivism and the Neomarxist critical theory emerged, methodological orientations of both movements started to diverge more and more. The article explores the complicated history of relations between the Vienna Circle and the Frankfurt School and inquires into the Positivismusstreit. It ends with the conclusion that the majority of differences between positivism and Marxism stem from their different notions of experience. The author deals mainly with the views of Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Otto Neurath, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, and Jürgen Habermas.

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