Kalbinė komunikacija: kreipimosi substantiva communia raiška
Verbal Communication: Realization of Addressing Using substantiva communia

Summary/Abstract: The article discusses the ways how negative evaluation is expressed in Lithuanian while addressing negative emotions, i. e. the use of substantiva communia in addressing is discussed. In communicative situations addressing is used to contact a person (addressee), to attract one’s attention, to show that the information is namely for him/her. Besides, the way of addressing can show feelings, emotions, etc. The way of addressing depends on some factors: who is addressed (addressee is unfamiliar, older, younger and so on), the environment (official or unofficial), the intention of addressing (boasting, scolding, etc.); the etiquette of the addresser, his/her perceptions, habits, education, the communicative situation are also important. The relationship between the addressee and addresser are disclosed through the vocative nouns, personal pronouns, diminutive forms, etc. In colloquial speech or dialects, nouns which can be used to name a person of masculine and feminine gender (e. g.: aki̇̀plėša, válkata, marm̃ alas) are used to address a person. These nouns, naming a person have no biological sex meaning. Formally some of them are of masculine gender (e. g., marmalas), others are of feminine gender (e. g., valkata), and however, in some contexts they are of masculine gender, in other contexts they are of feminine gender, e. g.: jis akiplėša / ji akiplėša. These nouns are called by Latin term substantiva communia (abreviated scom., SC), i.e. the specific class of nouns is emphasized, not the third gender. The most important feature of substantiva communia is that they express subjective (usually negative) personal characteristics. Several aspects enhance the suggestibility of addressing: 1. The semantics of addressing expressed by substantiva communia; 2. Derivational features of substantiva communia; 3. The use of pronouns while addressing; 4. The positions of addressing in the sentence; 5. The extension of addressing group by attributes or similar words; 6. Functions and intentions of addressing; Using such forms of addressing the speaker (addresser) expresses his/her attitude, evaluation of the addressee more emotionally.

• Details
• Contents