Kształtowanie się ogólnego nadzoru prokuratorskiego w Polskich Siłach Zbrojnych w ZSRR (maj 1943—lipiec 1944)
Overview of the Formation of the General Prosecutorial Oversight in the Polish Armed Forces in the USSR (May 1943—July 1944)

Summary/Abstract: In May 1943 the Polish 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division was established in the USSR. The Division constituted the first military unit in the Polish Armed Forces established in the territory of the USSR. The formation period for the Division was characterised by the lack of judicial authorities. The first articles of the military penal code were passed on July 7th, 1943. By virtue of resolution of the Directorate of the Union of Polish Patriots in the USSR, the Military Legal Code of the Polish Armed Forces in the USSR was established, along with the court martial and military prosecutor’s office. The rules of operation for the prosecutor’s office were delineated in the Military Penal Code of the Polish Armed Forces in the USSR. According to that legal act, the prosecutor’s office was given the task of upholding the law as well as military discipline and overseeing the rule of the law. In addition, the act established the institution of general prosecutorial oversight. The general oversight was a singular form of prosecutorial administrative oversight, and in the military, it consisted in oversight over the military command. Both the subjective as well as the objective scope of prosecutorial oversight had undergone significant changes while the Polish Armed Forces in the USSR remained active (1943—1944). The model of general prosecutorial oversight developed in that time served later as the basis for prosecutorial oversight in the Polish Army. In 1950, the general oversight was introduced in the common courts.

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