Przezwyciężyć ontologię
To overcome ontology

Summary/Abstract: The author studies a difference between metaphysics and ontology. This difference becomes visible mostly when the ontic status of existence is examined. Though both metaphysician and ontologist refer to existence, they assign a different place or role to it; when the former refers existence to real being, the latter – to intentional or possible being. The author notices that a pass from metaphysics to ontology was made pretty easily, and if there was not the metaphysics of St. Thomas Aquinas, metaphysics would probably be identified with ontology without any objections. Ontology was a finial not only of Plato’s philosophy, but also Aristotle’s in the antiquity and John Duns Scotus’ in the Middle Ages. Ontology predominated modern metaphysics which consequently could receive a name of ontology. The author underlines that Duns Scotus played a key role in marginalizing existence in metaphysical cognition. He also had the biggest influence on coming ontology into existence, and on a way of approaching metaphysical issues in Thomism. The author claims that instead of overcoming metaphysics there is a fundamental need to overcome ontology. It is impossible, however, without recovering existence, which is neither accidence, nor modality, but the very first act of being.

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