Біологічні та психологічні теорії пояснення злочинної поведінки неповнолітніх у США
Biological and Psychological Theories of Juveniles Delinquency in the United States

Summary/Abstract: Biological and psychological factors play an important andsometimes decisive role in aggressive behavior of juveniles and adults, which leadsto committing various crimes against life and health of individuals. ContemporaryAmerican criminologists widely use the achievements of geneticists, biochemists,neurologists and point out on importance of their knowledge. Unfortunately,scientific works of foreign scientists are little known in Ukraine.Recent research and publication analysis. American theories of the juveniledelinquency causation are considered in the works such post Soviet scholars as O.Vedernikova, Y. Gilinskiy, I. Danshin, V. Tulyakov, S. Denisov, S.Nezhurbida andothers.Paper objectives. Systematization of the classical biological andpsychological theories of juvenile delinquency that widespread in the United States.A brief description of the main theories that have the greatest impact on thedevelopment of measures to juvenile delinquency prevention.Paper main part.Modern criminologists believe there are some biological factors increases theprobability of individuals engaging in illegal acts, but denying hard determinismbetween these phenomena. They tend to consider biological factors, social conditionsand the environment as a reason that jointly affect human behavior. Biosocialtheories focus primarily on the problem: why previously law-abiding citizens"suddenly" commit crimes, and those, who had in past criminal history are worthymembers of society. However, biosocial theories subjected to serious criticism fromthe scientific community to lack of sufficient empirical data.Psychological approaches of explanation delinquency used quite extensivelyby American criminologists. Representatives of social science have emphasized theimportance of this area of knowledge. Special prevention programs for juveniles,based on these psychological concepts, developed and implemented in the UnitedStates.Conclusions of the research. Domestic criminologists, representatives ofother sciences not studied enough bio psychological component of juvenile forfurther consideration and synthesis of different behavioral actions of the persondepending on his bio psychological peculiarities. As a result, in the practical activitiesof prevention of juvenile delinquency are not captured in complex anatomical andphysiological, genetic, neuro-brain and other properties of the child's body, which inthe early formation of the personality become critical.

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