Bohaterki, bojowniczki, przegrane? Hiszpańskie narracje o kobietach zaangażowanych w ruchy lewicowe pierwszej połowy XX wieku
Heroines, fighters or losers? Spanish narrations about women left-wing activists of the first half of the 20th century

Summary/Abstract: The Spanish public discussion of the recent years has given rise to new ways of speaking about women in the times of the Second Republic and the Civil War. First, they emphasise the importance of women’s actions and show how women’s public activities change their aspirations, the perception of their own role and their self-esteem. In a word, they change the way they perceive themselves. Second, they show how different gender practices cause differences in the empowerment of male and female citizens, and how they give rise to various types of conflicts and inequalities. Third, they tell the heroic story of the emancipation of women in left-wing movements, which often occurred despite the opposition inside these movements. Fourth, they discover stories of women who worked behind the scenes, but nevertheless contributed to the development of social networks, which made the existence of left-wing organizations possible. All these aspects have been altering the image of the revolution and the history of left-wing movements in general. The narrations in question bring to light previously unnoticed experiences, which might turn out to be interesting in the Polish context. The Spanish scholars showed the clash of women fighting for their emancipation and the dominant left-wing and right-wing gender models. They also investigated how gender roles affected male and female revolutionaries, and how they tried to overcome the patriarchal limitations.

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