Trzy razy NIE. O kwalifikacji gramatycznej leksemów nieodmiennych o postaci "nie" w języku polskim
Three times NIE: Grammatical qualification of invariable lexemes with the form "nie" in Polish

Summary/Abstract: First, the paper critically examines Grochowski (2007) regarding grammatical qualification of invariable lexemes with the form "nie" in Polish. A new solution of the same problem is then proposed based on the hypothesis that three invariable lexemes with the form "nie" exist in Polish: NIE1 as an orthotonic verb (Czy to pańskie rękawiczki? – Nie. Are these your gloves ? – No.), NIE2 as a rhematizing particle and a non-aggregate proclitic (Nie Jan tańczył wczoraj z Marią. It is not John who danced with Mary yesterday.), NIE3 as a non rhematizing adverb and an aggregate proclitic (Ta szklanka nie jest czysta. This glass is not clean.). The hypothesis of Polish negation belonging to a new part of speech is thus rejected.

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