SIZE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY OF 31 EUROPEAN AND 5 OTHER OECD COUNTRIES FROM 2003 TO 2014: DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTS?
SIZE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY OF 31 EUROPEAN AND 5 OTHER OECD COUNTRIES FROM 2003 TO 2014: DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTS?

Summary/Abstract: The focus of this paper lies on the “driving forces” of the size and development of the shadow economy in 31 European and 5 other non-European OECD countries from 2003 to 2014. Influential factors on the shadow economy are tax policies and state regulation, which, if rising, increase the shadow economy, though other economic factors like unemployment are important, too. The overall average size of the 31 European (five other non-European OECD countries) was 22.4% (12.2%) in 2003, decreased to 19.4% (9.6%) in 2008, increased to 19.9% (10.1%) in 2009 and finally decreased to 18.3% (8.6%) in 2014.

• Details
• Contents