Аспекти на научната политика в България (50-те – 80-те години на ХХ век)
Aspects of the Science Policy in Bulgaria (50s–80s of the XXth Century)

Summary/Abstract: The main purpose of the research is to highlight some aspects of the science and technology policy of the state in Bulgaria under the State Socialism. The focus of the study is put on the analysis of three main aspects of the science policy in Bulgaria: the formulation of the science and technology strategy, the establishment of the organizational and institutional framework of the Innovation process by a various political activities undertaken by the state government and the general impact of the science, technology and innovation development on the social economic condition of the country. Following the Soviet experience in the organization and planning of the scientific development in most of the East European countries including Bulgaria, there were established public institutions for planning and management of the R&D process in order to strengthen the close relationship between scientific and technological developments and their implementation in the industrial production. There are four types of organizational structures that play a key role in the innovation process that can be distinguished in the Bulgarian economic system. These are the production companies, sectorial ministries, research and development institutes and other government agencies. At the same time we can outline two types of organizational relationships between these entities and they are, on a vertical, and a horizontal level. The main institutions covering those four types of structures, running the organization and management of the innovation process in Bulgaria are The State Committee For Science and Technical Progress, Bulgarian Academy of Science, The State Planning Committee and the Institute of Inventions and Innovations.To these, we must add and some public organizations with corporate image that also play an important role in the implementation of the scientific and technological results – The Scientific and Technical Unions and the Union of Scientists, the Trade unions, under whose auspices are organized so called „socialist brigades for technical progress“; The “Komsomol” organization that became the basis for the creation of „movement for scientific and technical creativity of youth“ – TNTM. “Due to the scientific and technological policy at the end of 80s in Bulgaria had been established large scale for the country size, production base, providing significant production in high-tech activities mainly for export to the economic zone of the CMEA. This base was mainly concentrated in major economic associations specialized in computing, electronics and microelectronics, chemical industry, military industry, as well as in the experimental production of some universities and institutional R&D units as well as the research institutes of the Bulgarian Academy of Science. The research has been carried out almost entirely on the basis of unpublished documents from the archive of Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party, the archive from the Council of Ministers, the documentation of the State Committee for Science and Technical Progress as well as the archives of COMECON.

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