Podziały ideowe w obrębie opozycji politycznej w PRL w latach 1976–1989
Ideological divisions within the political opposition in the People’s Republic of Poland (PRL) in the years 1976–1989

Summary/Abstract: The opposition environment in PRL in the years 1976–1989 was very complex in terms of ideology. Frequently, one group included nearly all of the orientations characteristic for traditional Polish political ideology, both from the personal, as well as political perspective. A classic example in this regard is “Solidarność”, which fought with the system by referring to typically rightist religious and national values. At the same time, it was an organization of workers, which fought and organized strikes to defend the economic and political interests of the working class, which by definition is leftist. Therefore, part of the researchers opposed the idea of classifying anticommunist environments according to the classical leftist-rightist axis, claiming such divisions to be artificial and illegitimate. It was argued that under undemocratic conditions, one structure was composed of people with very different beliefs and the only integrating factor was their objection towards the existing reality, notcommon ideology. However, it is possible to distinguish the ideology of specific formations according to the so-called identification within the movement, prepared on the basis ofstatements made in samizdat publications, which describe the opposition in terms of worldview. The analyses were based mainly on the standard leftist-rightist division.Independent writers, using the designates of both attitudes, prepared reports of a dichotomous or heterogeneous character. The first identified specific groups within the movement as leftist or rightist. The second complicated the ideological image of the underground by introducing indirect categories, including structures which could not be explicitly classified according to a bipolar division. On the basis of the above, it is possible to distinguish a certain catalog of groups, whose programs and actions were classified by underground publicists as close to a specific ideology. Leftist opposition circles at that time included: KOR, NSZZ “Solidarność”, Ruch Społeczny WSN, Ruch Społeczny „Wyzwolenie”,PPS and Ruch „WiP”. The right-wing included ROPCiO, KPN, RMP and LDP “Niepodległosc”.

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