Сравнительная характеристика становления инновационной политики США и Японии
Comparative characteristic of the foundation of the innovation policy of the United States and Japan

Summary/Abstract: Innovation component is the basis of modern business development, regardless of which field this business belongs in, who owns it and which structure its capital has. The challenges of modern society force to step up efforts of the developing countries in the direction of development of innovation infrastructure, which would allow taking a quantum leap in the development of industry and economy. These challenges predetermined the relevance of the chosen research. Formation and development of innovation policy in the economies of the developing countries is the actual task of recent studies of many authors. Identification of general trends in the development of leading countries will make it possible to work out a common strategy for the developing countries, in their further development of innovation policy.The purpose of writing this article was to perform the analysis of formation of innovation policy in the leading countries of the world, such as the United States of America and Japan to identify the peculiarities of these countries, common features and differences. During the research we applied methods of comparison, generalization, abstraction, analysis, elements of system analysis, algorithms and simulation.As a result of the survey we revealed peculiarities of formation and development of innovation policy of the United States and Japan with the following conclusions made:1. The development of innovation policy of a state grows when coordination and key financing is provided by the state and by local governments, too.2. The largest effect in the development of innovation activity for the countries with transition economies can be observed by choosing "selective" directions of development.3. Creation of regional technological parks takes place with regard to historically established regional opportunities and directions.4. Approval of the legislative base in the country, which must fully support (at all levels) innovation entrepreneurship.5. Formation of a system of private (venture capital) funds, regulated by state programs in priority areas.At the present stage of development of the world economy, only innovation policy creates a vector of the development of a state. This is confirmed by the experience of such leading countries as the United States of America and Japan. As the result of generalization of the experience of formation of the innovation policy of these countries, we identified the main trends of development that can be applied in other developing countries, taking into account their national characteristics. All of the identified factors positively affect the increase of progressive indicators of the economy, well–being of society and the activity of integration at the international level.The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time we analyzed formation of innovation policy in the USA and Japan to identify common peculiarities and differences in the development of innovation policy, as well as we attempted to obtain the scheme of creation of the basic structure that allows developing and implementing innovation.The obtained results can be applied to further systematization of information on the development of innovation policy for the formulation of a universal model.

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