Miss Julie: A Psychoanalytic Study
Miss Julie: A Psychoanalytic Study

Summary/Abstract: Sigmund Freud theorized that ‘the hero of the tragedy must suffer…to bear the burden of tragic guilt…(that) lay in rebellion against some divine or human authority.’August Strindberg, the Swedish poet, playwright, author and visual artist, like Shakespeare before him, portrayed insanity as the ultimate of tragic conflict. In this paper I seek to explore and reiterate the dynamics of human relationships that are as relevant today as they were in Strindberg’s time. I propose to examine Strindberg’s Miss Julie, a play set in nineteenth century Sweden, through a psychoanalytic lens.The play deals with bold themes of class and sexual identity politics. Notwithstanding the progress made in breaking down gender barriers, the inequalities inherent in a patriarchal system persist in modern society. Miss Julie highlights these imbalances.My analysis of the play deals with issues of culture and psyche, and draws onFreud, Melanie Klein, Lacan, Luce Irigaray and other contemporary feminists. MissJulie is a discourse on hysteria, which is still pivotal to psychoanalysis. Prominentphilosophers like Hegel and the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan have written aboutthe dialectic of the master and the slave – a relationship that is characterized bydependence, demand and cruelty. The history of human civilization shows beyondany doubt that there is an intimate connection between cruelty and the sexual instinct.An analysis of the text is carried out using the sado-masochistic dynamicas well the slave-master discourse. I argue that Miss Julie subverts the slave-masterrelationship. The struggle for dominance and power is closely linked with thetheme of sexuality in the unconscious. To quote the English actor and directorAlan Rickman, ‘Watching or working on the plays of Strindberg is like seeing theskin, flesh and bones of life separated from each other. Challenging and timeless.’

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