РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ МЕТАЛЛОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА ИЗДЕЛИЙ ИЗ ЧЁРНОГО МЕТАЛЛА С ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКИХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ НИЖНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ ХМЕЛЕВСКОГО I И БАГАЕВСКОГО СЕЛИЩ)
THE RESULTS OF A METALLOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF IRONWARE FROM THE GOLDEN HORDE SITES OF THE LOW VOLGA REGION (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE KHMELEVKA I AND BAGAEVKA SETTLEMENTS)

Summary/Abstract: The article generalizes the results of the metallographic investigations of ironware from the excavations and explorings at the Khmelevka I and Bagaevka settlements (second half of the 13th and 14th century), situated in the Saratov District of the Saratov Region. The archaeological studies of the settlements were carried out by the Kazan University archaeological expedition in 1995–2003 and 2006–2012. It was determined that the bulk of the objects (59.4%) were forged from ball iron and gummy unevenly carbonized steel; the second place is occupied by the objects forged from all-steel blanks (20%); forging from fagotted blanks is weakly presented (7.6%). The following techniques were also used: cementation (5.5%); forging with welding of iron and steel (2.1%); V-shaped build-up welding; three-layer fagotted iron and face build-up welding (1.4% each); welding of a steel blade into a base made of ball iron or unevenly carbonized steel and soldering by copper (0.6% each). The technological schemes of the wares are examined in the article against a broad comparative background of the synchronous monuments of the Eastern Europe.

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