I. DÜNYA SAVAŞI KAFKAS CEPHESİNDE OSMANLI SAVUNMA HATLARINDAN BİRİ “I. VE II. TORTUM MUHAREBELERİ”
ONE OF THE OTTOMAN DEFENSE LINES IN THE CAUCASIAN FRONT DURING THE WORLD WAR “ I. AND II. TORTUM BATTLES”

Summary/Abstract: Subsequent to facing with the great tragedy at the Allahuekber Mountains in the Sarikamis area of the Caucasian front, one of the attacking fronts during World War I, it was seen that the Russians got into a forward operation with new attack plans. When we look at the Russians’ forward operation plans; The Georgian strait and Dumlu would be kept under pressure and occupied by Ilica cavalry units. Correspondingly, Haydari strait would be conquered and Ottoman III. army would be destroyed with two forces united in Ilica. In response to the Russian progress which had begun in late March, X.corps commander reported the situation to the III. army on 3 th May, and it was seen that Ottoman III. army was preparing for the defense. First, III. army headquarters was moved from Oltu to Tortum on 9 May 1915, and I. and II. Tortum battles, which were won in the region, took place. But, due to insufficiency of personnel, lack of supply and contact; difficulties were faced in the forward operation. Despite I. and II. Tortum battles were successful, due to the defeats in Horasan and Pasinler districts, the Tortum front was evacuated and the Ottoman Army had to retreat. In the study, I. and II. Tortum battles were examined in detail.

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