Geneza i ewolucja założeń neuropsychologicznej teorii temperamentu według Jeffreya A. Graya i jego kontynuatorów
THE GENESIS AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY OF TEMPERAMENT BY JEFFREY A. GRAY AND HIS CONTINUERS

Summary/Abstract: This article describes the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory developed by Jeffrey A. Gray, referred to as the neuropsychological theory of temperament. At the beginning we present the history of this concept. Genesis of this theory mainly includes a refer¬ence to the assumptions set by Eysenck. The principal postulations of the Reinforce¬ment Sensitivity Theory undermine claims of the Eysenck’s theory of personality. Gray assumed that two basic dimensions of Eysenck’s theory of personality – extraversion and neuroticism, should be replaced, respectively, by impulsivity and anxiety. The as¬sumptions of Gray’s concept have evolved along with their empirical verification. The description includes standard and a revised version of the theory. Among the biological systems which underlie temperament dimensions postulated by Gray, there are Be¬havioral Inhibition System (BIS), Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS). Individual differences in the activity of the nervous structures forming systems BIS, BAS and FFFS determine the sensitivity to signals of reward and punishment, the level of anxiety and impulsivity, and the power of felt emotions. At the end we present the characteristic of the biological substrates of behavioral systems related dimensions of temperament according to Gray.

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