İPLİK SANATI: SANAT ALANINA KABUL EDİLME MÜCADELESİ VE ÇAĞDAŞ BİR SANAT DALI OLARAK YÜKSELİŞİ
FIBER ART: THE STRUGGLE FOR ITS CONSIDERATION AS ART AND ITS RISE AS A CONTEMPORARY FIELD OF ART

Summary/Abstract: Arts and crafts were accepted as creative and divine fields during first civilisations. But by experiencing a loss of value they were considered as simple crafts from the classical period until Renaissance. The status differences between arts and crafts, which emerged with the Renaissance, began to disappear with the Art and Craft Movement which emphasized the importance of design in everyday life in the middle of nineteenth century. Since 1960’s the feminist artists interested with yarn, fiber, sewing and needlework on account of women's history and rights. So, the important changes were realised in the status of fiber and fabric based arts which were regarded as domestic crafts. Thus, the contemporary artists embraced the use of fiber, needle work which can be traced until upper Palaeolithic age. The struggle between art and craft, men and women, paint and fiber provided fiber to be considered as a contemporary art form into over-expanding field of art. Thus, craft area, called tapestry or embroidery is reconceptualised as fiber art. This article is based on literature research and aimed to study, how the breakage occurred in the value judgements assigned as ‘art’ versus ‘craft’ which are shaped in the traditional art history perspective. And this paper studied the struggle of fiber and fabric based arts against paint based arts and sculpture which have been regarded as high arts for centuries. One of the most important problems of this article is how contemporary artists, such as Lenore Tawney, Sheila Hicks, Claire Zeisler, Louise Bourgeois, and Orly Cogan used the fiber during this process.

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