Jahwe jako „prędki świadek” w Ml 3,5b. Niezwłoczność Bożego działania w obliczu kryzysu tożsamości religijnej Izraela na początku V w. przed Chr.
Yahweh as a „Swift Witness” in Mal 3:5b. God’s Prompt Action in the Face of Israel’s Religious Identity Crisis at the Beginning of the Fifth Century BC

Summary/Abstract: The article aims at the exegetical analysis of the imagery of God as a “swift witness” (Malachi 3:5b), against a backdrop of the Jewish biblical, inter-testamental and rabbinic traditions. By its reference to the deuteronomistic institution of the witness, which guaranteed the observance of the Sinaitic covenant, the image implicitly indicates a crisis of religious identity, as well as the crisis of the institutions connected with the temple – which were supposed to safeguard and culti-vate this identity. The image of God as a “swift witness” who comes to his temple to execute judg-ment on those who break the Covenant, and to inaugurate the ultimate era of justice, is the prophet’s answer to all those who harbor doubt about God’s justice.

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