A kollektivizálási kampány „szocreál” kontextusai Magyarországon (1948–1953)
The „Socrealist” Contexts of the Collectivization Campaign (1948–1953)

Summary/Abstract: The most radical social operation in Soviet-type dictatorships was the partial “collection”, “collectivization” of land and persons. As a result of compulsory delivery, the consolidation of land, taxation and the collectivization campaign, accompanied by terror, as well as the dissolution of former ecclesiastical and social milieus the society became extremely active. The offerings of the “Socialist project”, aligned with industrialization and utopian goals, as well as the advantages it provided for certain groups meant a unique participation in politi-cal dictatorship. The continuity of the campaigns, permeating everyday life, and their thea-tricality made several elements of the apparently well-designed program self-propelled and dynamic. The author lays special emphasis on the description of contemporary interpreta-tions and the everyday practice of adaptive resistance. The news and experiences of “Sovie-tization”, traumatization and tabooization, all these together created those double commu-nications and pretended forms of behavior, which were present even in the decades of “liv-ing Socialism”. Despite the seismic changes, Socreal factory models, existing mostly on pa-per only, were in apparent minority in the analyzed period. The “kolkhoz model” is primar-ily the history of importing a failure into Hungary, which was a mere waste of resources. The social practice of the first waves of collectivization can almost always be described along the village segregation process of the previous era. In summary, we can claim that it was only the post-1958 frontal collectivization campaign – carried out in coordination with other Soviet regimes – that sealed the fate of the peasantry in the long run.

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