Przekleństwo 1709 roku
The Curse of 1709

Summary/Abstract: D. Gawin analyses the causes of the loss of Poland’s freedom in the 18th century while drawing parallels with the country’s situation after 1989, when Poland regained its independence. This independence was not, however, followed by political subjectivity. The author finishes the analysis by questioning how much time still remains for getting ready to meet the challenges of the economy, civilization as well as those concerning Poland’s international security.

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