Odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza państwa za bezprawne działania władzy publicznej w ustawach wykonawczych do BGB (1896–1919)
Indemnity of the State for Unlawful Activities of Public Authority for Statutes Implementing to BGB (1896–1919)

Summary/Abstract: The German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch) did not solve the dispute over state civil responsibility for imperial acts, leaving this issue to the legislation of particular states (according to Article 77 of the Introductory Law to the Civil Code of 18th August 1896 Einführungsgesetz zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch). They were neither obliged to introduce a uniform state civil liability nor to implement a specific form thereof. In the period 1896–1919 state liability was introduced by 15 German states and the German Reich. The legal solution chosen therein consisted in the state’s taking responsibility for any official in cases of damages caused by his illegal acts and omissions (die Haftungsverlagerung). The extent of the state’s responsibility could be realized determined on the basis of premises provided by §839 BGB (the Amtshaftung). State responsibility was defined as an intermediate one because its scope was determined by the scope of the functionary’s responsibility.

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