W drodze do społeczeństwa obywatelskiego — rola związków nauczycielskich na Śląsku Austriackim w drugiej połowie XIX i na początku XX wieku
On the way to civil society — the role of teachers’ unions in Austrian Silesia in the second half of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century

Summary/Abstract: The changes which were brought to Europe in the 19th century involved not only political or economic matters but also social transformations. Substantial instances of modernisation covered also the Austrian Silesia, which in the second half of that century had a solid network of school (especially elementary school) institutions. The staff who taught there began to assert their rights and thus made attempts to make independent decisions about its professional group. Such elements constituted one of the paths toward a civic society. Within the legal framework which were established by the state the teachers of the region representing all communities which resided there (the Poles, the Czech and the Germans) began to initiate their associations, which helped them further their aims which had to do with the amelioration of the social and professional situation, and in the subsequent years also in the pursuit of a national character of education. The particular associations of teachers at the same time raised the social awareness of the residents of the region — by means of collaboration as well as competition.

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