Bakterie w bioremediacji gleby
Bacteria in soil bioremediation

Summary/Abstract: Bioremediation is biological technology of removing chemical substances of different kinds from soils, bottom sediments, active sediments, water, and air. It utilizes capability of living microorganisms, which can catalyze, destruct or transform various types of pollutants, into less harmful forms. Unfortunately, many substances can act as a contamination introduced into the environment causing ecological imbalance or disappearance of different trophic levels of the food chain. Bioremediation uses natural ability of microorganisms to degrade hydrocarbons. The main objective of this process is the mineralization of toxic organic compounds, leading ultimately to the formation of non-toxic substances like CO2, H2O and biomass. Hydrocarbons, such as derivatives of petroleum, in metabolic transformation of microorganisms constitute their carbon and energy sources, and can act as an acceptor of electrons. However, the rate of utilization of above-mentioned substances by microorganisms depends largely on the chemical nature of substance being degraded, as well as environmental factors, which can stimulate or inhibit these processes.

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