Kryteria oceny zapożyczeń w XIX wieku (na marginesie książeczki Józefa Blizińskiego Barbaryzmy i dziwolągi językowe)
Evaluation criteria for borrowings in the 19th century (on the margin of the book Barbaryzmy i dziwolągi językowe (Barbarisms and linguistic oddities) by Józef Bliziński)

Summary/Abstract: This sketch falls into the area of research on the language awareness of the past centuries and is a contribution to the history of prescriptivism. It is dedicated to borrowings and their evaluation in the period of the partitions, when language became the basic support for the national identification. The object of the analysis is a small book titled Barbaryzmy i dziwolągi językowe (Barbarisms and linguistic oddities). The aim of this study is to identify the evaluation criteria for borrowings which are manifest in metalinguistic comments. The analysis of the guide permitted the identification of 8 evaluation criteria of such language elements. These are the categories of nationality, adequacy, system, economy, usage, cultural as well as literary and writer authority, function, tradition. The criterion of aesthetics is revealed only in the stylistic layer and should be considered the same as nationality. The guide argues that, although in relation to foreign-language linguistic innovations the determinant was the prospect of national bondage, other indicators were equally, or at times more, important. It could be said that the criterion which is called nationality today had an ambiguous status even in the period of the partitions.

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