Ewolucja pojęcia policji w kontekście genezy żandarmerii w Niemczech
The Evolution of the Police Idea in the Context of the Gendarmery Origin in Germany

Summary/Abstract: Gendarmery is a police structure which operates in rural areas. The gendarmery model emerged in the Napoleonic Empire. It was adapted at the beginning of the 19th century in the German states, Prussia, but especially in the south-German Länder where French influences were the strongest. Creation of gendarmery coincided with formation of the police idea. Originally, the police meant a state system, and finally a professional, trained and armed unit which stands guard over public order and safety. Doctrinally it referred to Polizeiwissenschaft, Kameralwissenschaft, staatlicher Eudämonismus, Staatsräson-Idee and Staatsuntertänigkeit. There appeared Verwaltungspolizei, Bagatellsachen, Mandatsverfahren. The fall of feudalism enforced creation of the police services dedicated to rural areas, but their theoretical underpinning lies in the enlightened absolutism. Not without a reason the states of the first half of the nineteenth century are called post-absolutism police states.

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