Biologiczne i kulturowe aspekty poznawania w procesie kształcenia
Biological and Cultural Aspects of Learning in Education Process

Summary/Abstract: The following paper presents two aspects of learning in an education process: self directed and teacher directed learning. Factors deciding on the course of these two processes were described. It was assumed that the factors classified as natural (congenital, those of internal nature and those existing in nature) existed independently of man and that the learning process depended on them. The factors dependent on man, on the other hand, are a component of culture. Dependent on them are the teacher’s activities, and among them directing a student’s activity. The recognition of these differences (independent vs. dependent on man), is essential for the responsible realization of the education process. It is connected to the acceptance of invariability of cognitive functioning of individual persons and the ability to modify cultural models.

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