Развој критичког мишљења као предуслов јачања демократских капацитета друштва
Development of Critical Thinking as a Prerequisite for Strengthening Democratic Capacities of Society

Summary/Abstract: In this paper, we analyze and explain the importance of critical thinking for the proper functioning and development of democracy in contemporary society. The starting point is Habermas' concept of communicative action, which emphasizes the importance of genuine participation of citizens in the process of mutual discovery, negotiation and formulation of public interest. In this frame of reference, we explore specific abilities, skills and dispositions that are to be developed in order to strengthen the democratic capacities of society. Critical thinking skills, especially argumentation and evaluation of arguments, are recognized as a basic prerequisite for a rational and competent citizen participation in democratic processes. Although necessary, they are not sufficient: to achieve mutual understanding, as the authentic goal of communicative action, the development of dialogical and reflective thinking is necessary, as well as the cultivation of intellectual values that constitute a critical attitude. Affirmation of emancipatory, versus purely instrumental rationality, requires the systematic cultivation of critical consciousness and participatory models of behavior, especially among young people. Only the development of all these critical thinking constituents can contribute to realizing the democratic potential of public debate and rich information resources, as well as to overcoming the crisis of legitimacy of democracy, reflected in citizens’ skepticism towards democratic institutions and reduction of their participation in democratic process.

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