Jeden etos polityczny, różne narody. Przykład I Rzeczpospolitej
One political ethos, different nations. On the example of the First Republic of Poland

Summary/Abstract: The article attempts to describe Poland’s society in 16th and 17th century. Poland from the Union in Krewa (1385) which started unification of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania becomes gradually federal and multiethnic state. The achievement of Polish Commonwealth, its special political, constitutional system and legacy of tolerance and freedom should be taken into account now, when the European continent experiences mass migrations. Poland like the United States two centuries later, was at that time the melting pot of Europe, the haven for the poor and oppressed of all the neighboring countries - Germans, Jews, Czechs, Magyars, Armenians, Tartars, Russians, and others. In Republic of Poland those ethnic groups had their own autonomy, organizations, systems of educations, rights and freedoms. Those people, thanks high political culture of Polish Commonwealth were engaged into public and social matters and became citizens of that state.

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