НАТУРАЛИЗМ, ИСТОРИЦИЗМ И ИДЕАЛЬНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ НАУЧНОГО МИРОВОЗЗРЕНИЯ В ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ
NATURALISM, HISTORICISM AND IDEAL MODELS OF SCIENTIFIC WORLD IN PHENOMENOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Summary/Abstract: The subject of our research is the features of naturalism and of historicism in the whole system ofthe scientific worldview. The author identifies and describes the types of naturalism, achieving thepurpose of clarification of circumstances in which its separate options become complementaryways of scientific understanding of reality. The resulting picture is enriched with the features ofhistoricism, introducing the element of relativity to the scientific views of the world. Special attentionis paid to the possibility to reconstruct the eidos of science as a generalized ideal of research activities.The research methodology includes the implementation of the phenomenological research program,the foundations of which were laid in the works of Husserl. This program allows us to understandthe idea of science in the framework of the ideal of cognitive activity, the roots of which date backto the writings of Aristotle. The phenomenological perspective of our research allows us to see theessential characteristics of both naturalism and historicism, to identify options for their constructiveengagement. The result reveals a possibility to make a nontrivial conclusion about the relationbetween naturalism and historicism, for the debate of naturalism and of historicism, taken by itself,i.e. as relatively independent phenomenon, opens horizons of the internally unified consciousnessunderstood in science in two ways. The first one is a set of research intentions of the validity; thesecond one coincides with the implicit dependence of the scientific worldview from the orientation tothe historical changes of the foundations of self-reflection of science that, in fact, form the semanticstructure of scientific knowledge as a unique ideal for research activities.

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